Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors have been increasingly popular in a wide variety of applications due to their unique advantages. These units offer {highthroughput, excellent mass transfer, and efficient mixing capabilities. A key property of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors is their {largecontac

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have exhibited significant performance in wastewater treatment applications. PVDF membranes, renowned for their durability, are commonly employed in MBR systems. This article analyzes the efficacy evaluation of PVDF membranes in an MBR system, emphasizing on key metrics s